Extraordinarily high spider densities on islands: flow of energy from the marine to terrestrial food webs and the absence of predation. Variations and fluctuations of the number of individuals in animal species living together. Functional cartography of complex metabolic networks. A set of measures of centrality based on betweenness. Modularity and community detection in bipartite networks. Below-ground plant–fungus network topology is not congruent with above-ground plant–animal network topology. On nestedness analyses: rethinking matrix temperature and anti-nestedness. The nested assembly of plant-animal mutualistic networks. Measuring specialization in species interaction networks. Bottom-up limitation of predaceous arthropods in a detritus-based terrestrial food web. Network structure, predator–prey modules, and stability in large food webs. Experimental evidence that aboveground predators are sustained by underground detritivores. Ecological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota. DNA metabarcoding of spiders, insects, and springtails for exploring potential linkage between above- and below-ground food webs. Spatial and temporal variation in tropical fish trophic networks. Exploring the temporal variability of a food web using long-term biomonitoring data. Foraging adaptation and the relationship between food-web complexity and stability. The dissimilarity of species interaction networks.

Interaction rewiring and the rapid turnover of plant–pollinator networks. Food web structure in temporally-forced ecosystems. Beyond species: why ecological interaction networks vary through space and time. Fluctuating interaction network and time-varying stability of a natural fish community. Effects of biodiversity onecosystem functioning: a consensus of current knowledge. Species-rich networks and eco-evolutionary synthesis at the metacommunity level. Compartmentalization increases food-web persistence. Food web complexity and community dynamics. Community structure in social and biological networks. Structural asymmetry and the stability of diverse food webs. Food web complexity and species diversity. Arthropod regulation of micro- and mesobiota in below-ground detrital food webs. Complex trophic interactions in deserts: an empirical critique of food-web theory. Food webs: linkage, interaction strength and community infrastructure. Detritus food webs in conventional and no-tillage agroecosystems. Reciprocal subsidies: dynamic interdependence between terrestrial and aquatic food webs. Food webs: reconciling the structure and function of biodiversity. Does food web theory work for marine ecosystems? Mar. These results indicate that knowledge of dynamically shifting food webs is crucial for understanding temporally varying roles of ‘core species’ in ecosystem processes. The substantial shifts of network structure entailed alternations of spider species located at the core positions within the entangled webs of interactions. Those modules differed in detritus/grazing food chain properties, forming complex fission–fusion dynamics of belowground and aboveground energy channels across the seasons. The networks were compartmentalized into modules (groups) of closely interacting predators and prey in each month. On the basis of high-throughput detection of prey DNA from 1,556 spider individuals collected in a grassland ecosystem, we reconstructed dynamics of interaction networks involving, in total, 50 spider species and 974 prey species and strains through 8 months. Here, we show that dynamics of species-rich predator–prey interactions can be characterized by remarkable network structural changes and alternations of species with greatest impacts on community processes. However, it has remained a major challenge to reveal how species-rich networks of predator–prey interactions are continually reshaped through time in the wild. Uncovering the network architecture of such trophic interactions has been recognized as the essential step for exploring species with great impacts on ecosystem-level phenomena and functions. In nature, entangled webs of predator–prey interactions constitute the backbones of ecosystems.

Cute predator vs prey